Windows API关于文件路径的处理函数

admin · 发表于 2024-10-3 17:27:23

文件路径处理的相关函数
相关函数在头文件<Shlwapi.h>中，需要#pragma comment(lib, “shlwapi.lib”)
获取当前运行的exe程序的位置
char filePath[MAX_PATH] = {0};
::GetModuleFileName(nullptr, filePath, MAX_PATH);
获取当前运行的dll位置
extern CDialogApp theApp;
char filePath[MAX_PATH] = {0};
::GetModuleFileName(theApp.m_hInstance, filePath, MAX_PATH);
去除文件名，得到目录
char filePath[MAX_PATH] = {0};
::GetModuleFileName(nullptr, filePath, MAX_PATH);
//C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test\\a.exe ==> C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test
::PathRemoveFileSpec(filePath);
在文件路径后面添加或者删除 \
char filePath[MAX_PATH] = {0};
::GetModuleFileName(nullptr, filePath, MAX_PATH);
// C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test\\a.exe ==> C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test
::PathRemoveFileSpec(filePath);
// C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test ==> C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test\\
::PathAddBackslash(exePath);
// C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test\\ ==> C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test
::PathRemoveBackslash(exePath);
去除目录部分，得到文件名
char filePath[MAX_PATH] = {0};
::GetModuleFileName(nullptr, filePath, MAX_PATH);
// C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test\\a.exe ==> a.exe
::PathStripPath(exePath);
去掉路径的文件部分，得到根目录。
char filePath[MAX_PATH] = {0};
::GetModuleFileName(nullptr, filePath, MAX_PATH);
// C:\\usr\\WorkSpace\\Test\\a.exe ==> C:\\
::PathStripToRoot(exePath);
去掉路径中的空格
char filePath[MAX_PATH] = {0};
::GetModuleFileName(nullptr, filePath, MAX_PATH);
::PathUnquoteSpaces(filePath);
::PathRemoveBlanks(filePath);
一些其他函数
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <Shlwapi.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "shlwapi.lib");
using namespace std;
void main( void )
{
// PathRemoveArgs
char buffer_0[ ] = "c:\\a\\b\\FileA Arg1 Arg2";
char *lpStr0;
lpStr0 = buffer_0;
cout << "Path before calling "PathRemoveArgs": " << lpStr0 << endl;
PathRemoveArgs(lpStr0);
cout << "Path before calling "PathRemoveArgs": " << lpStr0 << endl;
// PathRemoveBackslash
char buffer_1[ ] = "c:\\a\\b\\File\";
char *lpStr1;
lpStr1 = buffer_1;
cout << "Path before calling "PathRemoveBackslash": " << lpStr1 << endl;
PathRemoveBackslash(lpStr1);
cout << "Path after calling "PathRemoveBackslash": " << lpStr1 << endl;
// PathAddBackslash
char buffer_2[MAX_PATH] = "c:\\a\\b\\File";
char *lpStr2;
lpStr2 = buffer_2;
cout << "Path before calling "PathAddBackslash": " << lpStr2 << endl;
PathAddBackslash(lpStr2);
cout << "Path after calling "PathAddBackslash": " << lpStr2 << endl;
// PathRemoveBlanks
char buffer_3[ ] = " c:\\TEST\\File1\\File2 ";
char *lpStr3;
lpStr3 = buffer_3;
cout << "Path before calling "PathRemoveBlanks": " << lpStr3 << endl;
PathRemoveBlanks(lpStr3);
cout << "Path after calling "PathRemoveBlanks": " << lpStr3 << endl;
// PathAddExtension
char buffer_4[MAX_PATH] = "file";
char *lpStr4;
lpStr4 = buffer_4;
char *lpExt = ".txt";
cout << "Path before calling "PathAddExtension": " << lpStr4 << endl;
PathAddExtension(lpStr4, lpExt);
cout << "Path after calling "PathAddExtension": " << lpStr4 << endl;
// PathRemoveExtension
char buffer_5[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt";
char *lpStr5;
lpStr5 = buffer_5;
cout << "Path before calling "PathRemoveExtension": " << lpStr5 << endl;
PathRemoveExtension(lpStr5);
cout << "Path after calling "PathRemoveExtension": " << lpStr5 << endl;
// PathRenameExtension
char buffer_6[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt";
char *lpStr6;
lpStr6 = buffer_6;
char *lpReExt = ".doc";
cout << "Path before calling "PathRenameExtension": " << lpStr6 << endl;
PathRenameExtension(lpStr6, lpReExt);
cout << "Path after calling "PathRenameExtension": " << lpStr6 << endl;
// PathRemoveFileSpec
char buffer_7[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\sample.txt";
char *lpStr7;
lpStr7 = buffer_7;
cout << "Path before calling "PathRemoveFileSpec": " << lpStr7 << endl;
PathRemoveFileSpec(lpStr7);
cout << "Path after calling "PathRemoveFileSpec": " << lpStr7 << endl;
// PathUnquoteSpaces
char buffer_8[ ] = ""C:\\path1\\path2"";
char *lpStr8;
lpStr8 = buffer_8;
cout << "Path before calling "PathUnquoteSpaces": " << lpStr8 << endl;
PathUnquoteSpaces(lpStr8);
cout << "Path after calling "PathUnquoteSpaces": " << lpStr8 << endl;
// PathQuoteSpaces
char buffer_9[MAX_PATH] = "C:\\sample_one\\sample two";
char *lpStr9;
lpStr9 = buffer_9;
cout << "Path before calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": " << lpStr9 << endl;
PathQuoteSpaces (lpStr9);
cout << "Path after calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": " << lpStr9 << endl;
// PathAppend
/*
BOOL PathAppend(
LPTSTR pszPath,
LPCTSTR pszMore
);
*/
// PathCombine
/*
LPTSTR PathCombine(
LPTSTR lpszDest,
LPCTSTR lpszDir,
LPCTSTR lpszFile
);
*/
// PathStripPath
TCHAR szPath1[] = TEXT("c:\\dir1\\file.txt");
cout << "Path before calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": " << szPath1 << endl;
PathStripPath(szPath1);
cout << "Path after calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": " << szPath1 << endl;
// PathCompactPath
char buffer_10[MAX_PATH] = "C:\\path1\\path2\\sample.txt";
char *lpStr10;
lpStr10 = buffer_10;
HDC hdc = GetDC(NULL);
cout << "The un-truncated path is " << lpStr10 << endl;
PathCompactPath(hdc, lpStr10, 125);
cout << "The truncated path at 125 pixels is : " << lpStr10 << endl;
// PathCompactPathEx
char buffer_dst[MAX_PATH] = "";
char *lpStrDst;
lpStrDst = buffer_dst;
char buffer_Org[MAX_PATH] = "C:\\path1\\path2\\sample.txt";
char *lpStrOrg;
lpStrOrg = buffer_Org;
cout << "Path before calling "PathCompactPathEx ": " << lpStrOrg << endl;
PathCompactPathEx(lpStrDst, lpStrOrg, 10, 0);
cout << "Path after calling "PathCompactPathEx ": " << lpStrDst << endl;
// PathFindExtension
char buffer_Rev[MAX_PATH] = "";
char *lpStrRev;
lpStrRev = buffer_Rev;
char buffer_11[] = "C:\\www.txt";
char *lpStr11;
lpStr11 = buffer_11;
cout << "Path before calling "PathFindExtension ": " << lpStr11 << endl;
lpStrRev = PathFindExtension(lpStr11);
cout << "Path after calling "PathFindExtension ": " << lpStrRev << endl;
// PathFindFileName
cout << "Path before calling "PathFindFileName ": " << lpStr11 << endl;
lpStrRev = PathFindFileName(lpStr11);
cout << "Path after calling "PathFindFileName ": " << lpStrRev << endl;
// PathFindNextComponent
char buffer_12[ ] = "c:\\path1\\path2\\test";
char *lpStr12;
lpStr12 = buffer_12;
cout << "Search a path for the next path component after the root " << lpStr1 << endl;
cout << "Return the next path component: "" << PathFindNextComponent(lpStr1) << """ << endl;
// PathFindSuffixArray (case-sensitive )
char* pszFilePath = "c:\\path1\\path2\\test.rtl";
LPCTSTR FILE_EXT_NAME[] = {".mp3", ".doc", ".rtl", ".ogg"};
const LPCTSTR* suffix_array = FILE_EXT_NAME;
int iArraySize = 4;
LPCTSTR lpStrRevStr = PathFindSuffixArray(pszFilePath, suffix_array, iArraySize);
cout << "Path before calling "PathFindSuffixArray ": " << pszFilePath << endl;
cout << "Path after calling "PathFindSuffixArray ": " << lpStrRevStr << endl;
// GetLongPathName
// GetShortPathName
// PathGetShortPath() It might be altered or unavailable in subsequent versions of Windows.
// PathMakePretty
char buffer_13[ ] = "C:\\TEST\\FILE";
char *lpStr13;
lpStr13 = buffer_13;
char buffer_14[ ] = "c:\\test\\file";
char *lpStr14;
lpStr14 = buffer_14;
cout << "The content of the unconverted path is : " << lpStr13 << endl;
cout << "The "PathMakePretty" function returns the value "
<< PathMakePretty(lpStr13) << " = TRUE & converts" << endl;
cout << "The content of the converted path is : " << lpStr13 << endl;
cout << "The content of the unconverted path is : " << lpStr14 << endl;
cout << "The "PathMakePretty" function returns the value "
<< PathMakePretty(lpStr4) << " = FALSE & no conversion" << endl;
cout << "The content of the converted path is : " << lpStr14 << endl;
// PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName(Unicode String)
WCHAR* pszUniqueName = new WCHAR[MAX_PATH];
memset(pszUniqueName, 0, MAX_PATH);
WCHAR* pszPath = L"C:\";
WCHAR* pszShort = NULL;
WCHAR* pszFileSpec = L"www.txt";
wcout << "Path before calling "PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName ": " << pszUniqueName << endl;
BOOL bRet = PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName(pszUniqueName, pszPath, pszShort, pszFileSpec);
wcout << "Path after calling "PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName ": " << pszUniqueName << endl;
if (pszUniqueName)
{
delete pszUniqueName;
pszUniqueName = NULL;
}
}
结果
Path before calling "PathRemoveArgs": c:\a\b\FileA Arg1 Arg2
Path before calling "PathRemoveArgs": c:\a\b\FileA
Path before calling "PathRemoveBackslash": c:\a\b\File\
Path after calling "PathRemoveBackslash": c:\a\b\File
Path before calling "PathAddBackslash": c:\a\b\File
Path after calling "PathAddBackslash": c:\a\b\File\
Path before calling "PathRemoveBlanks": c:\TEST\File1\File2
Path after calling "PathRemoveBlanks": c:\TEST\File1\File2
Path before calling "PathAddExtension": file
Path after calling "PathAddExtension": file.txt
Path before calling "PathRemoveExtension": C:\TEST\sample.txt
Path after calling "PathRemoveExtension": C:\TEST\sample
Path before calling "PathRenameExtension": C:\TEST\sample.txt
Path after calling "PathRenameExtension": C:\TEST\sample.doc
Path before calling "PathRemoveFileSpec": C:\TEST\sample.txt
Path after calling "PathRemoveFileSpec": C:\TEST
Path before calling "PathUnquoteSpaces": "C:\path1\path2"
Path after calling "PathUnquoteSpaces": C:\path1\path2
Path before calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": C:\sample_one\sample two
Path after calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": "C:\sample_one\sample two"
Path before calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": c:\dir1\file.txt
Path after calling "PathQuoteSpaces ": file.txt
The un-truncated path is C:\path1\path2\sample.txt
The truncated path at 125 pixels is : C:\pa...\sample.txt
Path before calling "PathCompactPathEx ": C:\path1\path2\sample.txt
Path after calling "PathCompactPathEx ": ...\sa...
Path before calling "PathFindExtension ": C:\www.txt
Path after calling "PathFindExtension ": .txt
Path before calling "PathFindFileName ": C:\www.txt
Path after calling "PathFindFileName ": www.txt
Search a path for the next path component after the root c:\a\b\File
Return the next path component: "a\b\File"
Path before calling "PathFindSuffixArray ": c:\path1\path2\test.rtl
Path after calling "PathFindSuffixArray ": .rtl
The content of the unconverted path is : C:\TEST\FILE
The "PathMakePretty" function returns the value 1 = TRUE & converts
The content of the converted path is : C:\test\file
The content of the unconverted path is : c:\test\file
The "PathMakePretty" function returns the value 0 = FALSE & no conversion
The content of the converted path is : c:\test\file
Path before calling "PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName ":
Path after calling "PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName ": C:\www (2).txt
请按任意键继续. . .
//去除路径的参数
PathRemoveArgs
//去除路径最后的反斜杠”\”
PathRemoveBackslash
//在路径最后加上反斜杠”\”
PathAddBackslash
//去除路径前后的空格
PathRemoveBlanks
//在文件路径后面加上扩展名
PathAddExtension
//去除文件路径扩展名
PathRemoveExtension
//更改文件路径扩展名
PathRenameExtension
//去除文件名,得到目录
PathRemoveFileSpec
//去除路径中的首尾空格
PathUnquoteSpaces
//判断路径中是否有空格,有的话,就是用”“引号把整个路径包含起来
PathQuoteSpaces
//将一个路径追加到另一个路径后面
PathAppend
//合并两个路径
PathCombine
//去掉路径中的磁盘符或UNC部分
PathSkipRoot
//去掉路径中的目录部分,得到文件名
PathStripPath
//去掉路径的文件部分,得到根目录
PathStripToRoot
//根据像素值生成符合长度的路径
PathCompactPath
//如原始路径: C:\path1\path2\sample.txt
//根据120像素截断后为: C:\pat…\sample.txt
//根据25像素截断后为: …\sample.txt
//根据字符个数来生成符合长度的路径
PathCompactPathEx
//将路径数据设置到对话框的子控件上
PathSetDlgItemPath
//去除路径中的修饰
PathUndecorate
//将路径中部分数据替换为系统环境变量格式
PathUnExpandEnvStrings
//从路径中查找路径
PathFindOnPath
//查找路径的扩展名
PathFindExtension
//获取路径的文件名
PathFindFileName
//查找匹配路径
PathFindNextComponent
//查找给定的文件名是否有给定的后缀
PathFindSuffixArray
//获取路径参数
PathGetArgs
//获取路径字符类型
PathGetCharType
//根据逻辑盘符返回驱动器序号
PathGetDriveNumber
//创建一个路径到另一个路径的相对路径。
PathRelativePathTo
//将一个相对路径或绝对路径转换为一个合格的路径
PathResolve
//规范化路径。将格式比较乱的路径整理成规范的路径格式
PathCanonicalize
//根据给定的磁盘序号创建根目录路径
PathBuildRoot
//创建目录
CreateDirectory
//将长路径转为8.3格式的短路径格式
GetShortPathName
//将短路径格式转为长路径。
GetLongPathName
//将长路径转为短路径格式（8.3格式）
PathGetShortPath
//将URL路径转为MS-DOS格式
PathCreateFromUrl
//把路径全部转为小写,增加可读性
PathMakePretty
//给路径增加系统属性
PathMakeSystemFolder
//去除路径中的系统属性
PathUnmakeSystemFolder
//从模板创建统一的路径格式
PathMakeUniqueName
//生成一个可执行的路径,比如有参数的,会自动将路径用”“包含
PathProcessCommand
//去除路径中不合法的字符
PathCleanupSpec
//比较并提取两个路径相同的前缀
PathCommonPrefix
//验证路径是否存在
PathFileExists
//判断路径是否匹配制定的扩展名
PathMatchSpec
//判断路径是否是一个有效的目录
PathIsDirectory
//验证路径是否一个文件名（有可能是一个路径）
PathIsFileSpec
//验证路径是否是可执行文件
PathIsExe
//注意:不仅仅是.exe,还有.bat、.com、.src等
//路径是否为根路径
PathIsRoot
//判断路径是否是相对路径
PathIsRelative
//检测文件是否为制定类型
PathIsContentType
//例如:
PathIsContentType(“hello.txt”,”text/plain”) 返回TRUE
PathIsContentType(“hello.txt”,”image/gif”) 返回FALSE
//判断路径是否是html文件类型——根据系统注册类型判断
PathIsHTMLFile
//判断路径是否是长路径格式
PathIsLFNFileSpec
//判断路径是否是一个网络路径。
PathIsNetworkPath
//判断路径是否含有指定前缀
PathIsPrefix
//判断路径是否有相同根目录
PathIsSameRoot
//判断路径是否是一个高度延迟的网络连接
PathIsSlow
//判断路径是否有系统属性（属性可以自己设定）
PathIsSystemFolder
//路径是否是UNC格式（网络路径）
PathIsUNC
//路径是否是UNC服务器
PathIsUNCServer
//路径是否仅仅是UNC的共享路径格式
PathIsUNCServerShare
//路径是否是http格式。
PathIsURL
//基于已存在的文件,自动创建一个唯一的文件名。比如存在”新建文件”,此函数会创建文件名”新建文件(2)”
PathYetAnotherMakeUniqueName

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